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Obstacle Avoider Robot with ATmega16 using Analog IR Sensor

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Obstacle avoidance is one of the most important aspects of mobile robotics. Without it robot movement would be very restrictive and fragile. Obstacle avoiding is a task which is used for detecting the objects placed in the path of your robot or any vehicle. So, to protect the robot from any physical damages. An obstacle avoiding robot is an intelligent device, which can automatically sense and overcome obstacles on its path.

In this project, we will learn How to design an obstacle avoider robot with AVR ATmega16 microcontroller using Analog IR Sensor. This robot is an automatic robot i.e no manual control is needed. This robot can detect obstacles from its three sides- front, left and right side. The robot changes its direction of movement, whenever it detects any obstacle in its path from any side. Here, we will use three analog IR sensors to detect obstacles from the three sides of the robot. The three sensors will be placed in the front side, left side and right side of the robot pointing towards their respective side. Whenever an obstacle comes in front of any sensor, there will be a change in the output of that particular analog IR sensor and this change will be detected by the ATmega16 microcontroller. But the outputs of the three analog IR sensors are analog in nature, so these signals cannot be processed directly by the microcontroller. For this, we will use the ADC of the ATmega16 microcontroller to convert the analog signals to digital values. After converting the analog signals of analog IR sensors to digital values, the ATmega16 microcontroller will compare the sensor values with a reference value i.e threshold value(3V in our case). According to the output of the above comparisons, the ATmega16 microcontroller will send the required control signal to the DC motor driver (L293D) of the robot to move the robot in forward, left or right direction. The above processes of ADC conversions, sensors output comparison and robot control continues forever till the power source is there.

Softwares Required

• AVR Studio 4 Software
• WinAVR 2010 Software
• SinaProg Hex Downloader Software
• USBasp Driver

Hardwares Required

Name	Quantity
AVR Trainer Board-100 with ATmega16	1pc
AVR USB Programmer	1pc
12V, 1A DC SMPS Adaptor	1pc
Analog IR Sensor	3pc
DC Motor Driver	1pc
Robot V 4.0	1pc
1 to 1 Connector-Female to Female	10pc
10 to 10 FRC Female to Female Connector	2pc

Video

Connection Guide

The step-by-step connection guide for Obstacle Avoider Robot with ATmega16 using Analog IR Sensor is as follows