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Edge Detector Robot with ATmega16 using Analog IR Sensor

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This robot can detect one kind of surface (land area) and detects any break or discontinuity in the path and find its way to the destination. This concept is also being utilized for space operations where the robot detects the viscosity of different mediums and moves on one, or protects itself from falling into the craters and deep holes detecting the edges of the land. In order to make this application work we have designed an edge detector robot that would be completely automatic, i.e., no manual control.

In this project, we will learn How to design an edge detector robot with AVR ATmega16 microcontroller using Analog IR Sensor. This robot is an automatic robot i.e no manual control is needed. Normally, the robot moves in forward direction but whenever it detects any edge, break or discontinuity in its path, it will change its direction of movement (in our case it will change its direction towards right) and then again it will move in forward direction. The above process continues till the robot finds a smooth surface. Here, we will use one analog IR sensor to detect edge or discontinuous path. We will place the analog IR sensor in the front side of the robot and the sensor will be pointing downwards. Whenever there is any break or discontinuity in the path, there will be a change in the output of the analog IR sensor and this change will be detected by the ATmega16 microcontroller. But the output of the analog IR sensor is analog in nature, so this signal cannot be processed directly by the microcontroller. For this, we will use the ADC of the ATmega16 microcontroller to convert the analog signal to digital value. After converting the analog signal of analog IR sensor to digital value, the ATmega16 microcontroller will compare the sensor value with a reference value i.e threshold value(3V in our case). If the output of the analog IR sensor is less than the reference value, the ATmega16 microcontroller will send the forward control signal to the DC motor driver (L293D) of the robot to drive the robot in forward direction and if it is greater than the reference value, the ATmega16 microcontroller will send the right control signal to the DC motor driver (L293D) of the robot to drive the robot in right direction. The above processes of ADC conversion, sensor output comparison and robot control continues forever till the power source is there.

Softwares Required

Hardwares Required

Name Quantity
AVR Trainer Board-100 with ATmega16 1pc
AVR USB Programmer 1pc
12V, 1A DC SMPS Adaptor 1pc
Analog IR Sensor 1pc
DC Motor Driver 1pc
Robot V 4.1 1pc
1 to 1 Connector-Female to Female 4pc
10 to 10 FRC Female to Female Connector 2pc

Circuit Diagram

Video

Connection Guide

The step-by-step connection guide for Edge Detector Robot with ATmega16 using Analog IR Sensor is as follows

  • Steps - 1 ( 0f 10 )

    Insert the DC Pin of 12V, 1A DC Adapter to the DC Socket of AVR Trainer Board-100.

  • Steps - 2 ( 0f 10 )

    Connect PortB header of AVR Trainer Board-100 with Input header of DC Motor Driver with a 10 to 10 FRC Female Connector.

  • Steps - 3 ( 0f 10 )

    Connect the 12V pin of PWM & Motor Voltage header of DC Motor Driver with the 12V header of AVR Trainer Board-100 with a 1 to 1 Connector.

  • Steps - 4 ( 0f 10 )

    Connect the Robot connector to the Output header of the DC Motor Driver.

  • Steps - 5 ( 0f 10 )

    Switch off the Mode Switch of DC Motor Driver.

  • Steps - 6 ( 0f 10 )

    Connect the VCC, GND and O/P pins of Analog IR Sensor header of Analog IR Sensor with VCC, GND and PA0 pins of PortA header of AVR Trainer Board-100 with 1 to 1 Connectors.

  • Steps - 7 ( 0f 10 )

    Connect the ISP header of AVR Trainer Board-100 with AVR USB Programmer header of AVR USB Programmer with a 10 to 10 FRC Female Connector.

  • Steps - 8 ( 0f 10 )

    Connect the AVR USB Programmer to the PC/Laptop's USB Port directly or with the help of USB AM-AF Cable.

  • Steps - 9 ( 0f 10 )

    Download Edge Detector Robot with ATmega16 using Analog IR Sensor Hex file to AVR Trainer Board-100 with the help of SinaProg Hex downloader and AVR USB Programmer.

  • Steps - 10 ( 0f 10 )

    Switch on the power with the help of Power Switch of AVR Trainer Board-100 and see the output.

  • Insert the DC Pin of 12V, 1A DC Adapter to the DC Socket of AVR Trainer Board-100.

    Steps - 1 ( 0f 10 )

  • Connect PortB header of AVR Trainer Board-100 with Input header of DC Motor Driver with a 10 to 10 FRC Female Connector.

    Steps - 2 ( 0f 10 )

  • Connect the 12V pin of PWM & Motor Voltage header of DC Motor Driver with the 12V header of AVR Trainer Board-100 with a 1 to 1 Connector.

    Steps - 3 ( 0f 10 )

  • Connect the Robot connector to the Output header of the DC Motor Driver.

    Steps - 4 ( 0f 10 )

  • Switch off the Mode Switch of DC Motor Driver.

    Steps - 5 ( 0f 10 )

  • Connect the VCC, GND and O/P pins of Analog IR Sensor header of Analog IR Sensor with VCC, GND and PA0 pins of PortA header of AVR Trainer Board-100 with 1 to 1 Connectors.

    Steps - 6 ( 0f 10 )

  • Connect the ISP header of AVR Trainer Board-100 with AVR USB Programmer header of AVR USB Programmer with a 10 to 10 FRC Female Connector.

    Steps - 7 ( 0f 10 )

  • Connect the AVR USB Programmer to the PC/Laptop's USB Port directly or with the help of USB AM-AF Cable.

    Steps - 8 ( 0f 10 )

  • Download Edge Detector Robot with ATmega16 using Analog IR Sensor Hex file to AVR Trainer Board-100 with the help of SinaProg Hex downloader and AVR USB Programmer.

    Steps - 9 ( 0f 10 )

  • Switch on the power with the help of Power Switch of AVR Trainer Board-100 and see the output.

    Steps - 10 ( 0f 10 )

Downloads

Edge Detector Robot with ATmega16 using Analog IR Sensor Project File
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